HNSW at Scale: Why Your RAG System Gets Worse as the Vector Database Grows
a modern vector database—Neo4j, Milvus, Weaviate, Qdrant, Pinecone—there is a very high chance that Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) is already powering your retrieval layer. It is quite likely you did not choose it while building the database, nor did you tune it or even know it is there. And yet, HNSW is quietly deciding …
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